Women Tend to Have Better Sense of Touch Due to Smaller Finger Size

People who have smaller fingers have a finer sense of touch, according to new research in the Dec. 16 issue of The Journal of Neuroscience. This finding explains why women tend to have better tactile acuity than men, because women on average have smaller fingers.
See Also:
Health & Medicine

• Healthy Aging
• Skin Cancer
• Menopause

Mind & Brain

• Opium
• Perception
• Gender Difference

Reference

• Sensory neuron
• Sensory system
• Nociceptor
• Neurobiology

"Neuroscientists have long known that some people have a better sense of touch than others, but the reasons for this difference have been mysterious," said Daniel Goldreich, PhD, of McMaster University in Ontario, one of the study's authors. "Our discovery reveals that one important factor in the sense of touch is finger size."

To learn why the sexes have different finger sensitivity, the authors first measured index fingertip size in 100 university students. Each student's tactile acuity was then tested by pressing progressively narrower parallel grooves against a stationary fingertip -- the tactile equivalent of the optometrist's eye chart. The authors found that people with smaller fingers could discern tighter grooves.

"The difference between the sexes appears to be entirely due to the relative size of the person's fingertips," said Ethan Lerner, MD, PhD, of Massachusetts General Hospital, who is unaffiliated with the study. "So, a man with fingertips that are smaller than a woman's will be more sensitive to touch than the woman."

The authors also explored why more petite fingers are more acute. Tinier digits likely have more closely spaced sensory receptors, the authors concluded. Several types of sensory receptors line the skin's interior and each detect a specific kind of outside stimulation. Some receptors, named Merkel cells, respond to static indentations (like pressing parallel grooves), while others capture vibrations or movement.

When the skin is stimulated, activated receptors signal the central nervous system, where the brain processes the information and generates a picture of what a surface "feels" like. Much like pixels in a photograph, each skin receptor sends an aspect of the tactile image to the brain -- more receptors per inch supply a clearer image.

To find out whether receptors are more densely packed in smaller fingers, the authors measured the distance between sweat pores in some of the students, because Merkel cells cluster around the bases of sweat pores. People with smaller fingers had greater sweat pore density, which means their receptors are probably more closely spaced.

"Previous studies from other laboratories suggested that individuals of the same age have about the same number of vibration receptors in their fingertips. Smaller fingers would then have more closely spaced vibration receptors," Goldreich said. "Our results suggest that this same relationship between finger size and receptor spacing occurs for the Merkel cells."

Whether the total number of Merkel cell clusters remains fixed in adults and how the sense of touch fluctuates in children as they age is still unknown. Goldreich and his colleagues plan to determine how tactile acuity changes as a finger grows and receptors grow farther apart.

The research was supported by the National Eye Institute and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council in Canada.

commemorate World AIDS Day in 2009 "Do you care?"

We have all heard of AIDS, right? Collection of symptoms caused by reduced / loss of our immune system. AIDS caused by HIV, the virus that is attacking the human immune system. In the world, AIDS has attacked more or less than 60s million people, male or female, old or young, even babies, all skin color / race, and various sexual orientations.

In Indonesia, an estimated hundreds of thousands of people already infected with HIV, although until the end of September 2009 the number of cases of AIDS and HIV-positive or who have registered on the manifest only thousands of people, but from July to September were reported there until thousands of people infected with HIV.


According to Wikipedia, AIDS is a syndrome, a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from specific damage to the immune system due to HIV infection in humans, and similar viruses in other species (SIV, FIV, etc.). AIDS itself is short for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, which can be interpreted as decreased immune syndrome. AIDS is a syndrome caused by a virus known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), which can be interpreted as a decrease in viral immunity in humans.

Displacement HIV itself through body fluids. For example through sex without a condom with a protective or a lot of people, using DRUGS with needles shared by many people, blood transfusion, mother and child relationship during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as contact with an infected body fluids. The displacement of this virus came without realizing it, because there was no extreme symptoms when HIV entered the human body. Unlike skin or allergic diseases which have been immediately obvious if contaminated.

So when I can get caught? Usually discovered after a while, when the patient experienced a decrease in specific immunity. The reason? It could be the lightest of the disease such as cough or flu. Coughs and colds but prolonged does not heal open space for other diseases into the patient's body. If more and more exposed, so the weaker the immune system is the patient, and can eventually died.

People with AIDS often have systemic symptoms of infection such as fever, sweating (especially at night), swollen glands, chills, weakness, and weight loss. After the diagnosis of AIDS is made, an average length of survival time with antiretroviral therapy (2005) estimated that more than 5 years, but because new treatments continue to grow and because HIV continues to evolve against the treatment, the estimated survival time will probably continue to change. Without antiretroviral therapy, death usually occurs within a year. Most patients died of opportunistic infections or cancers associated with the destruction of the immune system.

The rate of clinical disease progression varies between individuals and has proven to be influenced by many factors such as a person to disease susceptibility and immune function health care and other infections, as well as factors related to the strain of the virus. Specific opportunistic infections suffered by AIDS patients was also dependent on the prevalence of these infections in the geographic area where the patient lives.

In the general population, especially in Indonesia, there is still much less responsive and alert to AIDS. Lack of basic knowledge and lack of socialization that lead to awareness of AIDS. As a result, many are still forced to do so and eventually lead to contracting the HIV virus is everywhere.

And also, lack of knowledge about AIDS, community groups affected by the HIV virus is even shunned. Afraid of AIDS is part of the main reasons. AIDS patient group was called PLWHA (People With HIV / AIDS). And people living with HIV are also human. hehe ... Need socialization, and affection between man himself. It is precisely people like these we really need help. Because they will not live much longer. And we need to give them beautiful memories in their lives become shorter because of AIDS. Help them through the half the remaining life without any discrimination! do you agree??


Let's us jazz up to commemorate World AIDS Day in 2009 with your various events!!
"Do you care?"

Superatoms Mimic Elements: Research Gives New Perspective on Periodic Table

Transforming lead into gold is an impossible feat, but a similar type of "alchemy" is not only possible, but cost-effective too. Three Penn State researchers have shown that certain combinations of elemental atoms have electronic signatures that mimic the electronic signatures of other elements.
See Also:
Matter & Energy

• Physics
• Chemistry
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Quantum Physics
• Nanotechnology
• Materials Science

Reference

• Metal
• Transition metal
• Electron configuration
• Materials science

According to the team's leader A. Welford Castleman Jr., Eberly Distinguished Chair in Science and Evan Pugh Professor in the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, "the findings could lead to much cheaper materials for widespread applications such as new sources of energy, methods of pollution abatement, and catalysts on which industrial nations depend heavily for chemical processing."

The researchers also showed that the atoms that have been identified so far in these mimicry events can be predicted simply by looking at the periodic table. The team used advanced experimentation and theory to quantify these new and unexpected findings. "We're getting a whole new perspective of the periodic table," said Castleman.

The team's findings will be published in the 28 December 2009 early on-line issue of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and at a later date in the print edition of the journal.

Castleman and his team -- which includes Samuel Peppernick, a former Penn State graduate student who now is a postdoctoral researcher at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and Dasitha Gunaratne, a Penn State graduate student -- used a technique, called photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, to examine similarities between titanium monoxide and nickel, zirconium monoxide and palladium, and tungsten carbide and platinum.

"Photoelectron spectroscopy measures the energy it takes to remove electrons from various electronic states of atoms or molecules, while simultaneously capturing snapshots of these electron-detachment events with a digital camera," said Castleman. "The method allows us to determine the binding energies of the electrons and also to observe directly the nature of the orbitals in which the electrons resided before they were detached. We found that the amount of energy required to remove electrons from a titanium-monoxide molecule is the same as the amount of energy required to remove electrons from a nickel atom. The same is true for the systems zirconium monoxide and palladium and tungsten carbide and platinum. The key is that all of the pairs are composed of isoelectronic species, which are atoms with the same electron configuration."

Castleman noted that, in this case, the term isoelectronic refers to the number of electrons present in the outer shell of an atom or molecule.

The team looked at images of the photoelectron spectroscopy data. Bright spots in the images, which correspond to the energy of the electrons emitted during their removal from the atoms' outer shells, appeared to be similar between the pairs of species in the three systems studied. Likewise, graphical displays of energy peaks were similar between the pairs, and theoretical calculations also resulted in the pairs having matching energy levels.

Castleman explained that the molecules titanium monoxide, zirconium monoxide, and tungsten carbide are superatoms of nickel, palladium, and platinum, respectively. Superatoms are clusters of atoms that exhibit some property of elemental atoms. Former work in Castleman's lab has involved investigating the notion of superatoms. One of his previous experiments showed that a cluster of 13 aluminum atoms behaves like a single iodine atom. Adding a single electron to this aluminum-atom system results in the cluster behaving like a rare-gas atom. Further, he showed that a cluster of 14 aluminum atoms has a reactivity similar to an alkaline earth atom.

Now, Castleman's new research takes the superatom idea to a new level and provides a sound quantitative foundation for the concept of superatoms. "It looks like we can predict which combinations of elemental atoms mimic other elemental atoms," he said. "For example, by looking at the periodic table, you can predict that titanium monoxide will be a superatom of nickel. Simply start at titanium, which has four outer-shell electrons, and move six elements to the right, because atomic oxygen possesses six outer-shell electrons. The element you end up on is nickel, whose 10 outer-shell electrons make it isoelectronic with the 10 outer-shell electron molecule resulting from the combination of titanium and oxygen. We thought this finding must be a curious coincidence, so we tried it with other atoms and we found that a pattern emerged."

Castleman said that he doesn't know if the pattern will occur across the entire periodic table or if it will be confined to only a part of it. Right now, he and his team are working through the transition-metal atoms. In the future, they plan to take the research a step further to investigate whether or not the superatoms are chemically similar to their respective single atoms. "Platinum is used in nearly all catalytic converters in automobiles, but it is very expensive," said Castleman. "In contrast, tungsten carbide, which mimics platinum, is cheap. A significant amount of money can be saved if catalytic-converter manufacturers are able to use tungsten carbide instead of platinum. Likewise, palladium is used in certain combustion processes, yet it is mimicked by zirconium monoxide, which is less expensive by a factor of 500. Our new findings are exciting from both a scientific as well as a practical point of view."

Beware of Rabies for your Health !!

Disease Rabies or hydrophobia is a contagious disease of animals caused by viruses and can attack warm-blooded animals and humans.

In animals suffering from rabies, the virus is found in large quantities in saliva. This virus will be transmitted to other animals or to humans primarily through bite wounds. Therefore, the Carnivora (dogs, cats, wolves) is the most important animals as a propagator of rabies.

Rabies disease is a disease Zoonosa very dangerous and feared because when you attack people or animals will always end in death.

Given the dangers malignancy rabies and tranquility of the community life, the prevention and eradication of this disease need to be implemented intensively. For that the government set to rabies-free Indonesia in 2005.


Animals that are susceptible to rabies

All warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies. Rabies disease naturally present in the dogs, cats, bats and wild carnivores.


Incubation Period

The incubation period is the time between onset of symptoms until penggigitan disease. Rabies disease incubation period in dogs and cats less than 2 weeks (10 days-14 days). In humans at least 2-3 weeks and 1 year old.


Stages of Rabies Disease

Travel rabies disease in dogs and cats were divided into 3 phases (phase).

1. Phase Prodormal → Animals looking for a cool and aloof, but can become more aggressive and nerve, extend pupils and rigid posture (tense). This phase lasts for 1-3 days. After phase continued Prodormal Excitation or normal phase directly to phase Paralisa.

2. Phase Excitation → Animals become malignant and attack whoever is around and eat things weird. Next the eye becomes cloudy and is always open and trembling, into the next phase Paralisa.

3. Phase Paralisa → Animals paralysis in all parts of the body and ends with death.


Disease Signs Rabies In Animals And Humans

In dogs and cats, rabies disease can be divided into 2 forms, namely forms of silence (Dumb rabies) and malignant forms (Furious rabies).


The signs of rabies still form:

► There was a paralysis in all parts of the body.

► Animals can not chew and swallow food, the lower jaw can not clenched and excessive dripping saliva.

► There is no desire to attack or bite. Animals will die within a few hours.

The signs of malignant forms of rabies:

► Animals become aggressive and no longer know the owner.

► Attacking people, animals, and objects moving.

► When standing his stiff, tail between his legs folded behind her.

► The dog became more frisky and love to play, but will bite when held and will become malignant in a few hours.

Signs of Rabies in Humans:

► Fear of a very in water, and sensitive to light, air, and sound.

► Tears and saliva out excess.

►Pupils dilated eyes.

► Talk not karuan, always wanted to move and seemed in pain.

► Further marked by convulsions and paralysis and finally death.


Actions Against the Biting Animal

Dogs, cats and monkeys that bite humans or other animals should be suspected of suffering from rabies. Our attitude towards animals should be taken the following actions:

► If the animal is a pet or an owner, the animal must be captured and handed over to the local Animal Husbandry Department for observation for 14 days. If negative observations the animal's rabies should receive rabies vaccinations prior to be returned to its owner.

► If the biting animal is wild animals (no owner) then the animal was captured alive should be sought and submitted to the local Animal Husbandry Department for observation and after the period of observation over the animal may be destroyed or kept by people who wish, after previously given a rabies vaccination .

► If the animal is biting hard to catch and had to be killed, then the head of these animals must be taken and immediately transferred to the local Animal Husbandry Department for laboratory examination.


Action Against Those Who Bitten (Victim)

1. Immediately wash the bite wound with clean water and soap or detergent for 5 to 10 minutes then rinse with running water, then dry with a clean cloth or tissue paper.

2. The wound then was given a wound that is available (eg iodine) and wrapped loosely with a clean bandage.

3. Patient or the victim immediately taken to the health center or the nearest hospital for further treatment.


Action Against Dogs, cats, or monkeys Yang Maintained

1. Placing a pet in the cage a good and appropriate, and always consider the cleanliness of the cage and surroundings.

2. Keeping a pet's health by providing good food, good maintenance and carry out regular rabies vaccination every year to the Department of Animal Husbandry or Veterinary Practice.

3. Put the chain on the dog's neck when the dog is not being invited to dikandangkan or a walk.



zone4health → Short Tips For You All
Assist officers in suppressing the number of wild animals in your residence. And are alert to any animal which has characteristics of rabies.

Cockroach Danger to your Health !!

I'm will be sharing short article of about the danger of animals on our health. On this occasion I will discuss about the animal that is considered normal in each of your home. Hmm ... Cockroaches are often found at the corner of a corner residential housing does not care about the lower class and even luxury housing.

When we observe, usually the corner of the house is part of the animal preferred by this because there are many foods that can be enjoyed both nesting place. To eradicate cockroaches, follow these articles more ↓ ☺


Different kinds of different habitats Cockroaches
Type of cockroach species are distinguished on the basis of the cockroach's body. In parts of Indonesia there are several kinds of cockroaches, but the type commonly found in the housing there are only 2 of American cockroach / American cockroach (periplaneta Americana) and the German cockroach / Germany cockroach (Blattela germanica).

Habitat This cockroach two different types, namely the American Cockroaches often are in place and the warm moist Septictank or channels such as sanitary and in general this type of cockroach happy outside the house.

While German cockroach happy to be in the house especially in the damp, dark and many foods such as kitchen, pantry, or on the ceiling of the house. In morphology, significant differences between the two types of cockroaches are there in line at the German cockroach pronothumnya which has no brown lines.


Cause of cockroaches into the house
When our house sanitation is not good then the cockroaches will be glad to go, especially if there is a way for roaches to enter into the house, and the cockroach population in excess habitat. If the population in excess native habitat, the cockroaches will come out of the nest to find food sources and the new nest.

For example, the American Cockroach, when the population grows in Septictank and reduced the available food, then they will go out of their habitat to find food and find a new nest. He will be going into the house through the sewer that is not closed properly, and of course you can imagine the consequences if these animals descend your food.


Know Where All favored cockroach.

In general, there are 3 main sources of cockroach that is preferred by the food, the scattered remnants of food and damp places.

You can easily identify whether a home has not entered into a cockroach by looking at such signs of cockroach droppings, odor, or eggs. Usually this dirt dirt left on the hidden places such as in the books are put on the shelf, the gap between the closet with a bed or wall, or also in the toilet.

If found signs of cockroach, then immediately do the handling. Ie by going directly to the place where cockroaches favor of them is the kitchen. The kitchen was the most preferred by these animals. Therefore, you should keep these foods well as storing food on the shelves or closed containers. When you are finished cooking, try not to leave leftovers on the kitchen floor or the kitchen table. Immediately clean up the scattered remnants of food because this is one of the scattered food for cockroaches.

Besides food scattered on the floor, junk food in the kitchen trash is also a favored place cockroaches, try to quickly dump it in the trash outside the home and closing the bin.


Cockroach Control Habitat.
If cockroaches are nesting in your house, then you need to find the source of its habitat. Habitat American cockroaches will usually be found in pipeline septictank.Untuk sanitation and you need pesticides to eradicate both liquid and powder.

You can eliminate habitat for cockroaches to spray the hole channel or conduit sanitation disposal. You can also use the fumigation.

But you need to remember that eradicating animal diseases known to carry the source is done by gradually, because at the time of spraying or fogging is the first animal to escape and reproduce.


Let`us fight all the cockroaches in our home starting now !!! and let us live a healthy life without interference from animals that may interfere with our health.... ♥

Aspen Jacket by X-treme Tek

Women, and men who shop for gifts for women

The purpose of the Aspen Jacket by X-treme Tek is to provide warmth with style to plus size women.

Pros: Cold weather makes me think of the color gray. I would never wear gray in the cold weather months just because I don’t think anybody could see me. I’d blend right into the background. :) I really love the Aspen Jacket by X-treme Tek. The Aspen Jacket by X-treme Tek is available in three colors -- cream, black, and what they call demitasse, a dark rich brown. There is no gray!

The Aspen Jacket by X-treme Tek is as soft as a kitten, yet unbelievably warm. The outside of the jacket is quilted polyester. The inside is faux fur and there is a filling of down, so the jacket is pillow-soft.

The Aspen Jacket by X-treme Tek boasts additional details like a neat zip front, a mock neck collar, and two handy front hand pockets.

Cons: Avenue.com does not ship internationally. It ships only within the United States and its territories. This is a bit limiting for those who shop for family and friends who live outside the United States. You would have to have the merchandise delivered to your home address and then ship it overseas yourself.

Guarantee: There is a 60-day guarantee of satisfaction offered by Avenue.com. It is recommended that you insure the return package.

Value for money: The Aspen Jacket by X-treme Tek is a really beautiful jacket that will serve well. It is a good value.

CJ

Zovirax is an oral drug approved by FDA to treat the symptoms of herpes.

Zovirax is an oral drug approved by FDA to treat the symptoms of herpes.

• You can buy immedietally from Zovirax to improve the appearance of your skin and get rid of the symptoms of herpes virus.
• The Zovirax is the solution you've been waiting to finally overcome the herpes virus that you waste of life

Benefits of Zovirax

Take Zovirax you can relieve the symptoms associated with genital herpes, chicken pox, herpes zoster and cold sores. Zovirax is a safe and effective medication that is most often prescribed to relieve persons suffering from herpes virus.

Enjoy the many benefits of Zovirax:

• No prior prescription is needed
• Slows efficient growth and proliferation of infection by the herpes virus.
• Relieves anxiety, nervousness and stress associated with herpes.
• Shortens the time period during which you are affected by the virus.
• This is a drug highly effective in relieving symptoms of herpes, chickenpox, shingles, cold sores, genital herpes recurrent inflammation of the brain and liver due to virus herpes, and ocular herpes.
• You get rid of stress and discomfort caused by symptoms of herpes.
• Gives you confidence.

How does Zovirax

• The Acyclovir Zovirax marketed as the USA, is an anti-viral medication for the treatment of herpes virus. Zovirax treats symptoms associated with herpes virus.
• The active ingredient is used to treat genital herpes, herpes, shingles and cold sores. Zovirax should be taken when the first symptoms appear, such as cold sores, tingling, burning and / or vesicles.
• The Zovirax is recommended for the treatment of herpes because it slows their proliferation. The herpes virus is contagious and there is currently no cure against him.
• If you are infected with the virus you have in your body all your life. However, Zovirax is a highly effective treatment of symptoms of herpes.

History Zovirax

• In January 2003, the FDA approved Zovirax as taking oral medication for treating herpes cons. Zovirax inhibits the proliferation of herpes viruses in the body.
• As a member of the family of antiviral Zovirax interacts with other treatments. It is best to avoid if you have kidney, and pregnant women should seek medical advice before taking this medication.

Recommended Dosage

• The Zovirax tablets are 400 mg. and 800 mg. to take two or three times a day, depending on your condition. If you miss a dose, skip this and take the medicine at the next hour. Do not take a double treatment the next day.

Symptoms and Side Effects

Taking Zovirax sometimes causes side effects, although this is rare:

• Stomach pain
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Changes in appetite
• Back pain
• Hum

If any of these conditions occurs, we recommend you consult your doctor.

What is ulcer disease?

Ulcer is a disease that attacks the digestive device, either the stomach, intestines, or esophagus. The symptoms of stomach ulcers is discomfort in the digestive tract, pain in the pit of the stomach, nausea, vomiting, bloating, full speed, and decreased appetite.






Dyspeptic disease or better known as an ulcer of them caused by Helicobacter pylori (HP), the only bacteria that can live in the human stomach. "Human stomach acids, so bacteria can not survive, only the HP bacteria that can do that.

In some cases, characteristics of pain in the abdomen to feel like stab to the back, at night. Ulcer is also sometimes characterized by pain that come and go quickly, for example, after eating a little pain disappeared, but a minute later relapse.

Two types of abnormalities that can cause an ulcer disease is the functional and organic dyspepsia. Functional dyspepsia is characterized by only minimal abnormalities, such as flushing the digestive tools.

This disease can have symptoms more severe, namely in the form of wounds in the stomach, large intestine, or esophagus. In the more acute phase, organic disorder is sometimes accompanied by polyps and signs of malignancy.

The severity of gastritis can not be detected simply by observing the symptoms. This is due to the sensitivity and psychic that each person is different. There are some people who's stomach is only a little redness, but it felt great pain. Conversely, there are still able to work and carry out activities as usual, even though his stomach was badly injured.

Abnormalities in the digestive equipment can only be seen by way of endoscopy (scope of the digestive tract). From this examination will be seen whether the instrument suffered intestinal injuries or not.

People who rheumatic drugs for more than a month is usually also not aware that his stomach hurt badly. Newly perceived interference after he was hemorrhaging. In normal circumstances, there is a balance between aggressive factors and defensive gastric damage that protects the stomach. Rheumatic drug generally causes thinning of the stomach wall, which would disrupt the balance of two factors earlier.

In addition to medical treatment, people with ulcers and digestive ganguan require a special diet to speed up healing. Condition, the food must be soft textured / software, not stimulate gastric acid production, small portions but frequently given (every 3 hours). Food also must meet the nutritional adequacy of the body, good protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water.

Foodstuffs containing such gases, cabbage, cauliflower, jackfruit, durian, sodas, coffee and alcohol should be avoided. Do not use a sharp spicy foods that can stimulate the production of stomach acid. For example chili, vinegar, tamarind Java, starfruit wuluh, Kandis acid, gelugur acid, lemon and pepper.

Material difficult to digest foods such as glutinous rice, cassava, jali, sweet potatoes, butter cream, cake should be avoided. Likewise with hard fibrous foodstuffs such as kedondong and pineapples.

Processing techniques should use boiled and steamed methods. These cooking methods will produce a soft textured food / soft. Avoid cooking with fried or baked way, other than food becomes dry, tough and hard. Cooking this way many use the oil that can stimulate nausea.



tips for prevention
1. Always wash your hands thoroughly after using the bathroom / wc, and before eating.

2. Do not smoke. All types of cigarettes contain nicotine which can increase and improve the substance assam gastric stomach, which caused an ulcer attack.

3. Do not be too stressful. Stress can aggravate the symptoms of the condition of ulcer disease (although not the main cause) and sometimes can slow recovery.

4. Do not drink alcoholic beverages (alcohol) too much. This can dilute stomach lining of the intestine and increase stomach acid which makes the disease more severe gastritis.

5. Do not be too often take drugs that lower pain (such as aspirin, penicilin etc.).



tips from zone4health with alternative treatments
Your search papaya tree, take the top five papaya stalks or taste. Wash thoroughly, then boiled with water about 5 cups water to boiling and stay 2 cups. After the game you can mix with sugar, so not too bitter.

Do it for 7 consecutive days, or for still hurts. Get used to drink in the morning before meals and at bedtime.



keep healthy keep smile~
♥♥♥ Go.od☺Luck ♥♥♥

What is breast cancer ?

Causes and Risk Factors Of breast cancer

I do not know the exact cause of breast cancer. Nevertheless, the research identified a number of factors that can increase the risk of certain individuals, which include ↓







→ Family history who have similar disease
→ Age a growing
→ Not having children
→ First pregnancy at age above 30 years
→ Menstrual period is longer (first menstruation early or late menopause)
→ Hormonal factors (both estrogen and androgen).

Of the risk factors mentioned above, family history and age of the most important factor. Family history who have had breast cancer increases the risk of developing this disease. The researchers also found that mutations of two genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 can increase the risk of cancer of women to 85%. 3 Interestingly, the genetic factor affects only 5-10% of breast cancer and this suggests that other risk factors play a role penting.4

Importance of age factor as risk factors are reinforced by data that 78% of breast cancers occur in patients over the age of 50 years and only 6% in patients less than 40 years. The average age at the time of the discovery of cancer is 62 tahun.4, 5

The study also evaluates the role of lifestyle factors in breast cancer development, including pesticides, alcohol consumption, obesity, fat intake and lack of physical though. 4.5


Diagnostic and Examination

A number of studies show that early detection of breast cancer, followed by therapy can increase life expectancy and provide more treatment options for patients.

An estimated 95% of women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer may survive more than five years after doctors diagnosed that many who recommend that women undergo 'aware' (check your own breasts) at home on a regular basis and suggested doing an annual routine examination to detect lumps in the breast. In general, breast cancer detected by patients themselves and usually a hard lump and small. In many cases these lumps do not hurt, but some women experience a cause of cancer pain.

In addition to physical tests, annual mammography or twice a year and a special ultrasound is recommended to detect breast abnormalities in elderly women and women at high risk of breast cancer, before cancer occurs. If the lump can be felt or abnormalities detected at mammography, a biopsy should be done to obtain tissue samples for testing under a microscope and examine the possibility of a tumor.

If the cancer is diagnosed, it is necessary to do a series of tests such as estrogen receptor status


New types of tests also include tests to determine the status of the tumor HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2). This relates to the growth of aggressive cancer cells. Patients said HER2-positive if the tumor was found overekspresi HER2 and less sensitive to certain chemotherapy. Cancer with HER2-positive is known as an aggressive form of breast cancer and have a travel sickness worse than patients with HER2-negative. An estimated 20% - 30% of patients with breast cancer have HER2-positive. ►HER2status




Breast Cancer Treatment

Management of breast cancer conducted with a series of treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy and most recently the monoclonal antibody therapy. This treatment is intended to destroy or limit the spread of cancer and eliminate disease symptoms. The diversity of types of breast cancer requires a detailed diagnostic done before deciding which type of therapy will be used, so the choice is individual.



special tips from zone4health, food recommendations in the treatment of breast cancer

There are a few recommended foods to be consumed on a regular basis. Consumption may only be one type of material or a mixture of several ingredients. If we are attacked by breast cancer, it is recommended to drink the juice of ingredients below, do one glass twice a day.
1. Carrots
2. Radish
3. Plantain
4. Carambola sweet
5. Celery
6. Broccoli
7. Cabbage
8. Apple
9. Garlic
Soy milk drink half a glass, do two times a day, or 100 grams soy for consumption every day.

Green Vegetables variety Cancer Prevention:
1. Beans
2. Cassava leaves
3. Bean
4. Papaya leaf


Primary Systemic Therapy (Neo-adjuvant Therapy)

The selection of primary systemic therapy can be performed before the surgery making the tumor, this depends on the type, distribution and size of tumors at the time of initial diagnostic. This therapy aims to reduce tumor size to allow for the operation while keeping the breast form. It also provides valuable information about the sensitivity of tumors to the drug used. This information will determine the appropriate therapy to overcome the remaining tumor after surgery.


Surgery

Primary tumor is usually removed by surgery. Surgical procedures performed on breast cancer patients depending on disease stage, tumor type, age and general condition of the patient. The surgeon can lift the tumor (lumpectomy), raised some breast and
a lymph gland or removal of the entire breast (mastectomy). To increase life expectancy, surgery is usually followed by additional therapy (adjuvant) as radiation, hormones or chemotherapy.


Adjuvant Radiation TherapyRadiation therapy is done by X-ray high-intensity to kill cancer cells that are not raised during the surgery. This was done in patients who have undergone surgery for a localized tumor in an area. Side effects on the skin include: itching, redness, dry skin and fatigue.

Hormonal therapySome breast tumors express many estrogen receptors (ER) on the cell surface. In this tumor type, female hormone estrogen which support tumor growth bind to RE and regulate cell growth cycle. Breast cancer that depend on estrogen-called RE-positive. Hormonal therapy like tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors, inhibit the growth effects of estrogen and can be used as adjuvant therapy after surgery or at an advanced stage breast cancer (metastatic).

ChemotherapyChemotherapy drugs are used both at an early stage or advanced stage disease (can not do surgery, an advanced stage of localized or metastatic). Chemotherapy drugs can be used singly or in combination for treatment of breast cancer are:

Anthraycline example: doxorubicin, epirubicin
Taxane example: paclitaxel, docetaxel
Fluoropyrimidine example: capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil (5 - Fu)
Alkylating agent example: cyclophosphamide

Imunologik TherapyApproximately 20-30% of breast tumors showing gene amplification overekspresi or excessive. For such patients, trastuzumab, an antibody specifically designed to attack HER2. Trastuzumab inhibits the growth of the tumor and kill tumor cells. Patients should also undergo tests to benefit HER2 therapy with trastuzumab, which is the only imunologik therapy for breast cancer therapy.



Treating Patients At End Stage Disease

Approximately 50% of patients with breast cancer can be cured, either with initial therapy or additional adjuvant therapy. For the other 50%, ie patients with metastatic, more treatment options aimed at improving life expectancy. Among the many cancer drugs studied, only slightly effective in cases of metastatic breast cancer patients, such as trastuzumab and capecitabine.

The focus of therapy in end-stage cancer is prolong life without reducing the quality of life of patients. In breast cancer patients with HER2-positive, trastuzumab given as first line therapy for metastatic breast cancer in combination with other chemotherapy drugs (eg, docetaxel or paclitaxel) was also in second-line or on the third line as a single therapy.


Reference

1. WHO 2003 (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/releases/2003/pr27/en/)
2. Perez EA. Current Management of metastatic Breast Cancer. Seminars in Oncology 1999; 21 (Suppl.7) :19-24.
3. Blackwood MA, Weber BL. BRCA1 and BRCA2: from molecular Genetics to Clinical Medicine. Lancet 1996; 347: 1643-1645.
4. Imaginis (http://www.imaginis.com/beasthealth/statistics.asp # 2)
5. Questions & Answers: Young Women and Breast Cancer. National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organizations. February 2000.

Corruption in American Health Care

"So far, Congress' response to the health care crisis has been alarmingly disappointing in three ways. First, by willingly accepting enormous sums from health care special interests, our representatives have obligated themselves to their benefactors' interests rather than to those of the American people. More than 3,330 health care lobbyists - six for every member of Congress - contributed more than one-quarter of a billion dollars in the first and second quarters of 2009. A nearly equal amount has been contributed on this issue from non-health care organizations. This exchange of money prompted a Public Citizen lobbyist to comment, "A person can reach no other conclusion than this is a quid pro quo [this for that] activity."

Continue reading "Saving Health Care, Saving America"

It goes further down hill from there.

This article should give every physician a gut wrenching reaction, if not disgust at the corruption which has become rationalzied and rampant in some parts of the country. It points out how immorality creeps in slowly and devours a system. I reacted to the article in such a manner. From personal experience in such an environment I can describe how market influences alter perception and actions in order to survive in such a market. The financial imperatives create overwhelming features which can only be avoided if the overall physician community reacts appropriately in unison rather than in self interest. Beyond this the only moral choice for the individual physician is to leave that community (which in itself strengthens the hand of the 'cartel'.

In a second article on The Health Care Blog By JEFF GOLDSMITH

Atul Gofigure: Why McAllen Should Have Mattered in the Health Reform Debate

Back in June, Atul Gawande, a Harvard trained surgeon, published a riveting article in the New Yorker about the physician community in McAllen Texas.

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